Hemorrhoids Essays - Colorectal Surgery, Rectum, Anus,

Hemorrhoids Hemorrhoids are a digestive disorder that half the population of men and women experience at age fifty. There are two types of hemorrhoids: internal and external. Internal hemorrhoids are found inside the anus or in the lower rectum. External hemorrhoids are found on the tissue surrounding the anal sphincters(the two rings of muscle surrounding the opening to the anus). Hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels in and around the anus. Hemorrhoids are not a dangerous condition, they only cause pain or discomfort, and tend to go away within a few days. They are tissues that can stretch and swell under pressure. This constant swelling and stretching is the cause for the discomfort of the patient with hemorrhoids. The symptoms for external hemorrhoids are itchy, swollen, lumps around the anal cavity. If the lumps become hard the hemorrhoids have become thrombosed external hemorrhoids. This occurs when the blood clots around a hemorrhoid. The symptoms of internal hemorrhoids include the appearance of blood. This can be seen covering feces, on used toilet paper, or on the patients underwear. External hemorrhoids are common among pregnant women, due to the constant pressure on their abdomens. If an internal hemorrhoid starts to poke out of the anus it is called a protruding hemorrhoid. A protruding hemorrhoid may need to be treated through surgery. Hemorrhoids can be diagnosed by several types of examinations. External hemorrhoids are diagnosed simply by a doctor looking at the anus. The diagnosis of internal hemorrhoids requires probing. A doctor could perform a digital rectal exam. This is when a doctor wears a latex glove coated in Vaseline? and inserts a finger into the anus to feel for irregular lumps. Two other possible examinations require the use of hollowed out, flexible, lighted tubes. These tubes are called anoscopes or proctoscopes. These provide a visual of the rectum and anus. Treatment for external hemorrhoids include: the application of medicated cream, soaking in warm water several times a day, and the use of ice packs to reduce swelling. External hemorrhoids are treated with suppositories(pills taken through the anus) and, in rare cases, with minor surgery. Since hemorrhoids are partly caused by large solid bowl movements one treatment used to prevent hemorrhoids is a fiber supplement. This allows less water to be absorbed into the large intestines, making a softer stool. Fiber supplements such as psylium(Metamucil?) and methyl cellulose(Citrucel?) are the most commonly prescribed. SOURCES http://www.healthtouch.com/level1/leaflets/nddic/nddic094.htm Interview: Took place 2/13/00: Interviewed hemorrhoid patient would like to be listed as: Anonymous

Understanding How the Earths First Forests Developed

Understanding How the Earth's First Forests Developed The vascular plant emerged around 400 million years ago and started Earths forest-building process during the Silurian geologic period. Although not yet a true tree, this new member of the terrestrial plant kingdom became the perfect evolutionary link (and the largest plant species) with developing tree parts and considered the first proto-tree. Vascular plants developed the ability to grow large and tall with massive weight needed for the support of a vascular internal plumbing system. The First Trees The earths first real tree continued to develop during the Devonian period and scientists think that tree was probably the extinct ​Archaeopteris. This tree species followed later by other tree types became the definitive species comprising a forest during the late Devonian period. As I have mentioned, they were the first plants to overcome the biomechanical problems of supporting additional weight while delivering water and nutrients to fronds (leaves) and roots. Entering the Carboniferous period around 360 million years ago, trees were prolific and a major part of the plant life community, mostly located in coal-producing swamps. Trees were developing the parts that we immediately recognize today. Of all the trees that existed during the Devonian and Carboniferous, only the tree fern can still be found, now living in Australasian tropical rainforests. If you happen to see a fern with a trunk leading to a crown, you have seen a tree fern. During that same geologic period, now extinct trees including clubmoss and giant horsetail were also growing. Evolution of the Gymnosperms and Angiosperms Primitive conifers were the next three species to appear in ancient forests around 250 million years ago (the late Permian to Triassic). Many trees, including the cycads and monkey-puzzle tree, can be found around the world and are easily recognized. Interestingly, the very familiar ginkgo trees ancestor appeared during this geologic period and the fossil record shows the old and the new to be identical. Arizonas petrified forest was a product of the rise of the first conifers or gymnosperms, and exposed fossilized logs are crystallized remains of the tree species Araucarioxylon arizonicum. There was another type of tree, called an angiosperm or hardwood, making headway during the early Cretaceous or about 150 million years ago. They appeared at about the same time geologists think the earth was breaking up from a single continent called the Pangaea and dividing into smaller ones (Laurasia and Gondwanaland). Early into that Tertiary period, hardwoods exploded and diversified themselves on each new continent. That is probably the reason hardwoods are so unique and numerous across the globe. Our Present Evolutionary Forest Few dinosaurs ever made a meal on hardwood leaves because they were rapidly disappearing before and during the beginning of the new age of hardwoods (95 million years ago). Magnolias, laurels, maples, sycamores, and oaks were the first species to proliferate and dominate the world. Hardwoods became the predominant tree species from mid-latitudes through the tropics while conifers were often isolated to the high-latitudes or the lower latitudes bordering the tropics. Not a lot of change has happened to trees in terms of their evolutionary record since the palms made their first appearance 70 million years ago. Fascinating are several tree species that simply defy the extinction process and show no indication that they will change in another dozen million years. I mentioned ginkgo earlier but there are others: dawn redwood, Wollemi pine, and monkey puzzle tree.

HRM Practice and Employee Attitudes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HRM Practice and Employee Attitudes - Assignment Example The content of the article is largely associated with how well an organization can generate Human resource management strategies. The abstract of the article has an inclusion of queries that require a lot of research and analysis on how well human resources are handled in an organization. The authors use sources from other authors that have similar findings and analysis results. Additionally, to these sources, the authors have generated their own way of coming up with own research and analysis structure. The information in this article is however based on how well a selected number of organizations related to their human resources. The author used three ways of research methodologies and collection of data. According to Fiona & Alan (2005), HRM practices are analyzed in three ways: employee report on the strengths of the used practice, employee reports and additive measures of numbers of HRM practice. Additionally, the authors measured employee attitudes depending on their commitment to their organization and their organization’s equality scales. The article operates under a thesis statement that is based on determining the relationship between HRM practice and employee work-related attitudes and evaluate whether different strategies in the measurement of HRM shows different results. According to Fiona & Alan (2005) regardless of the evaluation strategies, the results from an HRM practice are the same. They support this argument by the application by citing different evaluation processes used by different human resource experts. The authors further support their argument by comparing different results from different evaluation strategies. For instance, the author evaluated employee reports on an HRM practice and the fairness of the practice in the specific organization.  

Statement of Purpose. Doctoral program in Education Leadership, Essay

Statement of Purpose. Doctoral program in Education Leadership, Management and Policy at your school (Seton Hall University) - Essay Example The doctoral program will provide me with an opportunity to learn more about higher education and prepare me to be a senior level college administrator. I have had several educational and life fulfilling opportunities to work with many administrators to help contribute to the field. Due to the nature of this program; I believe it will provide me with an opportunity to continue to be a catalyst not only within higher education, but my community as well. In addition, this program will help me further my understanding of first generation Saudi college students’ expectations and knowledge about college prior to enrolling in their respective institutions by participating in pre-college programs. I feel that the program provides the right balance of advanced coursework and research. I believe the Ed.D. in Education Leadership, Management and Policy will combine my interests between business administration and Education Leadership, Management and Policy. I am convinced that by my research in this field, I will be able to learn in depth the concepts of Leadership techniques, Organizational Behavior and Organizational Development and would like to explore new methods in improving the present policies and procedures being used in organizations. This will be a good experience and will be very beneficial to my career. My professional goals are intellectual enrichment, an absolute understanding of the trends in this field and to put to good use my knowledge to help those in need and to effectively contribute to the profession. I would like to be a leadership consultant someday.

Introduction to international relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to international relations - Essay Example Neo-classical realism is a combination of both classical and neo realism that accepts both system level and state level natures. Liberalism is a state level theory that believes in the goodness of society. It argues that states try to create peace and cooperation. The last theory is constructivism that claims that the reason behind a particular state behavior is the unique features of the state. Admittedly, in order to understand the America-Vietnam relation, a mere state level theory will be gravely insufficient. The best way to understand the U.S- Vietnam relation throughout the history is to analyze it in the light of a system level theory as the relation was, and is, largely shaped by the international power equations, not because of the special features existed in the nature of America or Vietnam. In addition, neither America nor Vietnam showed even the slightest hint of benevolence, thus proving the unsuitability of constructivism. Thus, the theory that can best explain the rel ation is neo-realism, and a little bit of force can make classical realism too fit for explaining the relations, though inadequate. The tenets of neo-realism Neo-realism is a system level theory and it does not take the individual character of states into consideration. According to neo-realism, the reactions of the states are the results of fluctuations in the international system. As there is no international government that controls the actions of governments, there is total anarchy in the international sphere that makes states always vulnerable to the atrocities by others. Thus, states are always in the effort to gain power in order to protect themselves. However, a rise in power and influence results in more rivalry and more unrest. In this international arena, states have no way other than either defending themselves or attacking their rivals first. A look into history will prove that the American-Vietnam relation was mainly the result of the power movements in the internation al sphere which was mainly bipolar in nature. The America-Vietnam Relation A look into history proves that the American-Vietnam relation can be better understood in the light of neo-realist perspective. The neo-realism, similar to classical realism, argues that all states try to amass power, and that while seeking to increase their own power, they seek to reduce the power of their enemies too. In addition, it is argued in the theory that such states consider other states with power as their enemies. When there is equality of power, peace exists as the players are equal in resources. According neo-realism, the nature of the international system gives birth to power struggles among nations. As Glenn, Howlett, and Poore (2004, 22) state, since there is no world government that controls the movements of national governments, there is total anarchy, and the governments do everything they can to remain secure; hence, when there is a perceived threat to their sovereignty, states either att ack first hand or defend themselves using any possible means they have access to. Admittedly, a look into the America-Vietnam relations will prove that the American intervention in Vietnam was the result of the international power relations that existed at that time, and at that point of time, US had no other option other than the military action. Admittedly, the American interest in the Far East is as old as the National

The House of the Baskervilles Gothic Elements

The House of the Baskervilles Gothic Elements The setting in a novel is important because it helps to create a sense of atmosphere. The atmosphere in The Hound of the Baskervilles conforms to the conventions of a detective story which has to have a mysterious and scary feel in order to build up tension or suspense which intrigues and excites the reader. Creating an effective atmosphere within the three main settings in the novel, which include Baker Street, London, Baskerville Hall and the Moor, is necessary to make the story convincing, particularly as Conan Doyle introduces the supernatural element of the curse and the hound. In terms of timing, the novel is initially set in busy Victorian London, with its cars and crowds; however, this is juxtaposed with the moor, which as Watson observes seems wild, melancholy and far from modern life with horses and carts. Indeed he comments on, The melancholy of the moor and the death of an unfortunate pony; the genres within this particular novel are detective and gothic genres, which int eract to create an effective, haunting atmosphere, especially towards the climax of the novel. Time and place are therefore both relevant in the creation of setting and atmosphere. The setting of The Hound of the Baskervilles takes place in the nineteenth century when public hangings were often carried out, especially as Victorian people feared crime; this is one reason why Sherlock Holmes stories became so popular. As a logical, intelligent and intuitive character, Sherlock Holmes would have had great appeal to the audience because he solved many challenging and very cunning crimes. The character Holmes operates fully within the conventions of a detective setting, with the presence of a victim, a crime, a problem, suspect, plot and an alibi. However, at the same time the gothic element of the story is powerful. The Hound of the Baskervilles follows most of the conventions of the gothic genre which include mystery, depression, the supernatural, ancient prophesies, criminals, a damsel in distress and death. The gothic background, with which the Victorian audience would have familiar, is very important in creating a sense of a gloomy, daunting atmosphere. The hound as a supernatural element is used as a device to terrify the reader repeatedly throughout the novel, except of course at the end when the mystery is found to have a logical basis. For this reason I would suggest that the novel is more of a detective story because at the end the Baskerville myth can be easily explained in a scientific way. For example, the vicious hound can be explained by its diet of phosphorus as the detectives comment: Phosphorous, I said, There is no smell which might have interfered with his power of scent. The initial setting takes place in London where Sherlock Holmes and Watsons home is upper class and their lifestyle is sophisticated and glamorous; in the company of Sir Henry and Dr Mortimer, they enjoy a pleasant luncheon after which they retire to a private sitting room in a high quality hotel. This shows the reader that the two men are educated and they have a privileged lifestyle. As they mention the millions of this great city, this sets the scene for the reader that London is a very dense and highly populated area but also rather grand and a centre of civilisation. However, despite this sense of power and control in London, there is also a sense of chaos and an unsettling, unwelcome contrast when there is suddenly a threat, for example the second time Sir Henrys boot is stolen. This sense of threat increases when mysteriously they find one of the missing boots when the hotel room had been carefully inspected beforehand; Sir Henry exclaims; My missing boot! There was certainly no boots in it then. There is the impression that they are being followed, of which Holmes warn Sir Henry Baskerville, the setting in London is effective because it is the place where Holmes and Watson are most comfortable and where they are accustomed to conducting their business affairs; for example: Holmes sat in silence as we drove back to Baker Street, and I knew from his dawn brows and keen face that his mind, like my own, was busy endeavouring to frame some scheme into which all these strange and apparently disconnected episodes could be fitted. The setting in Baker Street is important to create a sense of normality in spite of the mysterious happenings. However, once in the wilderness of the moors, Watson finds that it is more difficult to rationalise and the setting intensifies ones missings. Here we can see that while solving crimes, Sherlock Holmes stays up all night to solve a mystery. We also learn that the relationship between Holmes and Watson is close because they know each others habits. In addition, we also learn that Sherlock Holmes is more independent than Watson. Likewise, in the novel we can interpret that the character, Sherlock Holmes, is intelligent and witty person because he successfully makes predictions: I think, said I, following so far as I could the methods of my companion, that Dr. Mortimer is a successful elderly medical man. This shows the reader that Sherlock Holmes, as an intelligent person and a successful detective in his careerism, is a person whom Watson endeavours to model himself on. We see a comparison between Sherlock Holmes and Watson intelligence because Watson himself makes a good assumption about the thick iron ferulle they indentify: Really, Watson, you excel yourself, said Holmes pushing back his chair and lighting a cigarette. I am bound to say that in all accounts in which you have been so good as to give my own small achievements you have habitually underrated your own abilities. It must be that you are a conductor of light. Some people without possessing genius have a remarkable power of stimulating it. This shows the reader that Holmes is praising Watson because he has made a good hypothesis but later it proves incorrect. This feeling is encapsulated by Holmes quotation, I shall be very glad to have you back safe and sound in Baker Street once more. Thus the Baker Street setting provides the character and the reader a sense of safety which is lost in the moors. On the contrary, Watson then understands that Sherlock Holmess assumption is correct and that his assumption was erroneous: I am afraid, my dear Watson, that most of your conclusions was erroneous. When I said that you stimulated me I meant, to be frank, that in noting your fallacies I was occasionally guided towards the truth. This implies that Watsonss conclusions were wrong and if he had listened to his companion, then he would be guided to the truth. Indeed the moor is described as having a: Grey melancholy hill, with a strange jagged summit, dim and vague in the distance, like some fantastic landscape in a dream. This quotation demonstrates that the setting is very dismal and the use of words melancholy emphasizes the mood of menace, providing a suitable backdrop for a murder novel. The time of year increases the sense of hope passing as: Yellow leaves carpeted the lanes and fluttered. In this description the fluttered leaves pave the way for unpleasantness in Baskerville Hall and could foreshadow the end of the year, and perhaps metaphorically speaking, the end of Sir Henry Baskervilles life given the curse on his family. Watson refers to the grim suggestiveness of the barren waste, the chilling wind and the darkling sky. This sets the scene for something dangerous about to happen and the use of pathetic fallacy prepares the reader for death or a strike of supernatural. Although, the area around the Baskerville Hall is described negatively and the reader will have a grim impression of the area itself: Over the green squares of the fields and the low curve of a wood there rose in the distance a grey, melancholy hill, with a strange jagged summit, dim and vague in the distance, like some fantastic landscape in a dream The use of words, grey and melancholy, creates an effect of the bitter, depressing and sad atmosphere around the Baskerville Hall, leading to a conflict between the human and natural forces. In addition, the use of juxtaposition is effective because, the green squares of the fields sounds pleasant but the view detenorates with the jagged summit, is described as, melancholy, grey and vague. There is therefore a sharp contrast between the settings the moor and London which portrays as being very civilised and pleasant. Conan Doyle portrays Dartmoor as cold and uninviting by contrasting it with the green fields: The beautiful green fields with thick hedges were behind us, and were now on the cold, open moor. This quotation shows the reader that the Dartmoor is a dangerous and mysterious area and the atmosphere in the area is progressively tense and quite dramatic. In addition the moor is described again in a sinister way; this adds to the negative effect: Everything was grey, hard and wild. Huge rough stones stood on the hard ground. The tops of the hill stood sharply like cruel teeth against the sky. This demonstrates that the moor has a very tense atmosphere and the use of similes, the hilltops appearing sharply like cruel teeth, empathises the vicious and evil side of the moor; it also suggests that perhaps, Sir Henry may die due to the hounds vicious teeth. Similarly, the author describes the noises associated with the moor in great detail to create a sense of tension: A long, low moan, indescribably sad, swept over the moor. It filled the whole air, and yet it was impossible to say whence it came. From a dull murmur it swelled into a deep roar, and then sank back into a melancholy, throbbing murmur once again. This shows the reader that the atmosphere around Baskerville Hall is grim and tense; the effect of this is to provide a build up in which murder will take place and make the reader feel scared and intrigued. Sir Henry, the heir to Baskerville Hall, tries to be positive about his inherited property and lights it up: Ill have a row of electric lamps up here inside of six months, and you wont know it again, with a thousand candlepower Swan and Edison right here in front of the hall door, Nonetheless, the sinister setting tends to prevail. However, for once, the hall is portrayed positively rather than being sad and dark. Baskerville Hall is usually described in an oppressive light: A dull light shone through the heavy windows. Black smoke was coming from one of the high chimneys of the main buildings. Arthur Conan Doyle uses the words heavy and black to give the reader an impression that the hall is a place where light or goodness is trapped. When the heir to the Baskerville arrives in Baskerville Hall, he is described as being very eager: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Baskerville gave an exclamation of delight, looking eagerly about him and asking countless questions. This use of words delight and eagerly shows the reader that the Sir Henry Baskerville is very enthusiastic to enter Baskerville Hall but it proves to be miserable dwelling. The description of the hall itself is described as mute and sinister since Conan Doyle displays a vicious use of imagery: a dull light shone through heavy mullioned windows The use of the word, mullioned evokes that the light is being imposed by the dullness of the windows. The author Conan Doyle uses a red herring to enhance the gothic tension, an example of this is the butler Barrymore who is described as having a, square black beard and pale distinguished, this refers to the mysterious follower which follows Sir Henry Baskerville. This alerts the reader and the effect of this is that the two detectives Holmes and Watson might in a danger and also the amount of safetyness in the moor is limited and requires courage and braveness to fight against them. When the hound strikes at the Baskerville Hall for the first time, the description of the hound is striking: The huge, black, burning hound ran quickly and silently after Sir Henry. The representation of the hound is very effective in the quotation as the moor itself is surrounded by wilderness; there is conflict between nature and humans, even the trees that are planted by humans are stunted. The idea demonstrates to the reader that nature and humans never work together. The dwellings of the moor are similarly described pessimistic and negative by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle as it says: A bleak Morse land house. The use of the words, bleak emphasizes the desolate and isolation within the moor however, it shows that the moor has few habitants. In conclusion, I believe that the main intention of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle when he wrote the story was to involve the readers of the modern world in a potentially supernatural mystery. It appears to me that he was quite successful in creating a believable story; I almost believed that the hounds were supernatural. I think the idea of serialization in the Victorian times would have been a good idea because it would have helped to add tension. I think the author was successful in creating his story because his character, Sherlock Holmes, was a famous and popular character and still popular in modern times. Even though Sherlock was a fictional character, many Victorians and readers today would find a famous, intuitive character like Sherlock Holmes engrossing.

The Marxist Formula in Emechetas The Joys of Motherhood Essay

The Marxist Formula in Emecheta's The Joys of Motherhood "Marx states that we are truly free only when '[people] place themselves in a position to control their own historical destiny'"(Slaughter 25). Britain's imperial colonization of Africa triggered vast change within the tribal civilizations thriving on the continent prior to European occupation. For the Africans, these changes altered every level of their culture: language, religion, as well as ancient tribal customs. But one of the most devastating aspects of the British colonization in Africa was the European economic system: capitalism. Capitalism left many Africans reeling from its destructive impact on tribal economies. Nowhere is this more evident than in The Joys of Motherhood, Buchi Emecheta's tale of the British occupation of Nigeria in the 1930s and 1940s. Emecheta's skillfully constructed story uses various literary devices to develop empathy for her characters suffering at the hands of the English. However, underlying these literary techniques -- and boosting the storyà ­s political objectives -- exists a Marxist economic analysis of the colonial system. Emecheta's Marxist examination provides an outline f or illustrating how imperialistic capitalism alienated Africans from their culture, and from one another, causing irreparable damage to the social fabric of Nigeria. The Marxist argument in The Joys of Motherhood demonstrates how the root of the characters' downfall is the socioeconomic shift from the tribal economic paradigm to the exploitative, capitalist system used by the British. However, Emecheta also criticizes her tribal culture's oppressive hierarchy, illustrating the Ibo treatment of slaves and of women. So although European colonialism... ...Marx and the Sources of Critical Theory. New Jersey: Rowman and Littlefield, 1981. Jameson, Fredric. Marxism and Form: Twentieth-Century Dialectical Theories of Literature. 2nd ed. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1974. Magubane, Bernard, and Nzongola-Ntalaja, eds. Proletarianization and Class Struggle in Africa. Contemporary Marxism Series. San Francisco: Synthesis, 1982. Richter, David. The Critical Tradition: Classic and Contemporary Trends. 2nd ed. Boston: Bedford, 1998. Selden, Raman, and Peter Widdowson. A Reader's Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory. 3rd ed. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1993. Slaughter, Cliff. Marxism, Ideology and Literature. London: Macmillan, 1980. Tyson, Lois. Critical Theory Today: A User-Friendly Guide. New York: Garland, 1999. Wallerstein, Immanuel. Africa: The Politics of Independence. New York: Vintage, 1961.

A Movie Review

This film has a compelling story that has various characters that come from different races and background whose lives are intertwined with each other and set in the city of Los Angeles.It shows the racial disrespect and contempt in the city as well as the drug culture. It is a contemporary film that characterizes a group of racially diverse individuals where one will see whites, blacks, Asians and Hispanics. Each character is portrayed in different racial discrimination situations as an offender at one point in the story and a victim in another.A movie so full of strong racist language and intense confrontations where everyone seems angry and scared of being blatantly discriminated because of their color, yet at the same time each has their own narrow-mindedness that moves them to do the same.The utterances of uncouth words were seemingly done recklessly, inconsiderately or deliberately which somehow leads to violence and crimes.   Anyone, in whichever part of the world, who will watch this movie, can somehow relate to at least one character wherein one shares the same fears, hopes and at times feels impelled to retaliate when pushed to a corner.In one scene, the character named Ria, the Latina detective, had a vehicular mishap with an Asian woman (who mispronounced the word brake as blake) whom she told sarcastically, â€Å"†¦you don’t see my blake lights. See, I stop when I see a long line of cars stopped in front of me. Maybe you see over the steering wheel, you’ll blake too†.   That coming from Ria’s mouth who was also racially discriminated by his own black boyfriend.Several movie reviews has rated this movie with four stars or more.   These movie reviews influence the in some ways help in the success or the failure of a particular movie.   It aids the moviegoers decide whether it is worthy of our time and money to watch or not.   There are reviews that are either made objectively and subjectively.According to Am ber Deggans, who writes for the reel reviews, watching the film is like watching a documentary. The rawness of the emotions of the characters touches us deeply.The portrayal of the abusive and racist cop named Officer John Ryan impels us to hate him for his attitude towards the black community yet seeing him comforting his sick father is so contradictory which just shows us that there is always a good side to people. Film makers usually do their utmost to reach the audience and impart to them that there is a need to stop the anger among us but not many were successful in doing this except for this movie.The characterization of each role was ultimately conveyed to the audience.   The performance of the actors was exceptionally done resulting for the film’s message to be thoroughly communicated. Scenes were sometimes so poignant that it becomes hard for the viewer not to be moved especially if at some point in our lives, we may have encountered a relatively similar if not the exact situation as shown in the movie.  Roger Ebert, who is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American film critic and screen writer rated this movie with four stars. As conclusion to his review, Ebert mentioned, â€Å"I don't expect â€Å"Crash† to work any miracles, but I believe anyone seeing it is likely to be moved to have a little more sympathy for people not like themselves. The movie contains hurt, coldness and cruelty, but is it without hope? Not at all.†Some scenes from this movie give us surprisingly unexpected but realistic glimpses of certain inequities that real people also come across. For a movie that didn’t have ample budget for its production, parts of the movie were quite represented realistically and naturally. Crash strongly depicts a reality that none of us can refute and forces us to face the truth, that each of us carry our own prejudice regardless of which race we belong to.   The social impact of this movie would hopefully lead to a realiza tion of a racist-free community.WORKS CITEDCrash. Dir. Paul Haggis. Perfs. Sandra Bullock, Don Cheadle, Matt Dillon, Jennifer Esposito,Brendan Fraser, Thandie Newton, Terence Howard, Ryan Philippe. DVD. Lions Gate Production. 2005.Deggans, Amber. â€Å"MovieReview†. Frank’s Reel Reviews. 2005.4 December 2007.

Social and Psychological Aspects of Drug Abuse Essays

Social and Psychological Aspects of Drug Abuse Essays Social and Psychological Aspects of Drug Abuse Essay Social and Psychological Aspects of Drug Abuse Essay Our society lived in a time where economic development, scientific and technological advancement dominates the different social sectors resulting to a paradigm shift of family concepts, health related issues, social menace, and deterioration of the basic unit of society- the family. The opening of borders for free trade and scientific and technological advancements’ exploitation of family foundations’ erosion are the factors that affect the rise of drug abuse. The Drug Abuse’s two fold aspects: sociological and psychological. Family’s stabilitybasic unit of society, environment and expectations are values important to children- as they shape attitudes, values and their behaviors in their relationship to their peers and to society as stressors. If families fail to shape these values; children will be influenced by his peers or society that led to alcohol or drug abuse. In 1977, The National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) revealed that several studies showed abnormal EEG’s results as well as psychological tests among drug users suggesting a poor memory and concentration, underdeveloped motor skills and disorientation. Also, in Press Done (1967 in NIDA’s Research Monograph 15, 1977) a third of their subjects who are drug users had the propensity to commit a crime because of serious judgment deficit they posses at the time and at the same time the misperception on what is real. Finally, the government should use its resources in helping those citizens who are already hooked to drug use by providing funds for rehabilitation and re-introduction of these people in the mainstream of society. Our society lived in a time where economic development, scientific advancement and technological superiority dominates its different sectors resulting to paradigm shift of family concepts, health related issues, social menace, and deterioration of its basic unit- the family. New development and new technologies bombards family in greater degree that its basic foundations are already eroded before it can respond. The opening of borders for free trade and scientific and technological advancements’ exploitation as well as the family foundations’ erosion is affecting the rise of drug abuse in our midst. The growing numbers of drug users if left unchecked may bring many governmental problems relating to health and sociological stability, a hindrance for having a vibrant and strong economy. Government cannot just simply ignore its effects while it erodes its socio-economic fundamentals as well as its decay if its people which is all important for having a stable state is ignored. Marsha Lillie-Blanton (1998) in a report for US Congress defined drug abuse as â€Å"the level of pattern of drug consumption and the severity and persistence of resulting functional problems.† It is when a person commits legal or an even interpersonal infraction in society, that a person is tested for drug use. Lillie-Blanton’s (1998) report states that scientific community are in agreement regarding the chemical as well as physical changes in brain as a result of drug abuse and at the same time identifying the scope of addiction’s physiological make-up including substantial behavioral and psychological aspects. Drug Abuse’s Sociological and Psychological Aspect Drug Abuse has two fold aspects: sociological and psychological. These two aspects interplay with each other affecting society in a wide range as well as changing lives across sociological spectrum. Sociology is the study of society and human social behavior while psychology is the study of mental process and behavior. By knowing these two aspects, we will be able to respond appropriately to its ill effects and at the same time institute corrective measures within and outside government and improve family relations as well as its foundations. Sociology. A fast sociological change that affects society we had is a great challenge to the influence and a stable family. As a source of strength, support and nurturance, the family owed its continued generational stability for community and culture. In a paper written by the United Nations International Drug Control Programme (UNDCP) entitled â€Å"The Social Impact of Drug Abuse† for the World Summit for Social Development, which was held at Copenhagen, Denmark in March 1995, gave four conceptual views of family and the understanding of these views will give us a society with a solid foundation in assessing the ill effects of drug abuse to society as a whole. The four family views are: 1) by protecting and sustaining its strong or weak members through stress or diseases while at the same time protecting its young and weak members; 2) tension, problems, and diseases found in the family strongly affect members influence of the   weaker members; 3) family as an institution that interact with social and community groups that includes peer groups, schools, fellow workers and bosses and religious groups; and 4) family as an â€Å"important point of intervention a natural organizational unit for transferring and building social and community values.† The socio-economic and technological fields’ rapid change resulted to the weakening of family values and foundations as an institution. Family stability, environment and expectations are values that important to children- for they shape attitudes, and behaviors in their relationship to their peers and the society as society stressors. If families fail to shape these values; children will be influenced by their peers or the society in that more often than not led to alcohol or drug abuse. In 1973, Kandel’s works states that peers influence the â€Å"use of marijuana than in any other activity or attitude.† This is the truth, for adult or youth’s peers greatly influence them compared to parents’ attitude; and this peer pressures influenced in greater degree drug abuse when parents abandoned their supervisory roles. As pointed out by UNDCP’s position paper, it is when parents â€Å"exercising traditional family roles [that they] may be able to limit the influence of peer groups on [their] childrens attitudes towards drug use and therefore have a crucial influence on childrens behaviour.† Traumatic divorce, autocratic type of discipline, communication gap, depressed family members, and parent use of drugs all led to an individual who will find solutions in the fold of illegal drugs or alcohol. Psychological. In 1977, The National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) revealed that several studies showed abnormal EEG’s results as well as psychological test, among drug users which suggests an impaired memory and concentration, poor motor skills and disorientation to those people who are under the grip of drug abuse. In UNDCP’s report, states that both alcohol and drug users exhibited psychiatric symptoms like depression. As to depth and extent of such depression, the said position paper failed to reveal; thus, just by thinking of it one will chill with the possibilities. It was also revealed that â€Å"dysfunctional drug or alcohol use† is an offshoot to an already present emotional illness; and more often than not clinical assessment will reveal   a dual diagnosis users, or the presence of more than two clinical conditions in an individual. Multiple problems in the family are also very common. Though addictive personality’s has no scientific bearing, its recognition is easy for â€Å"troubled persons-often exhibiting multiple symptoms-are easily recognized by expert and layman alike. Drug Abuse and Crime.   National Institute of Drug Abuse’s (NIDA) Research Monograph proffered evidence that shows the relationship between drug abuse and its victims with that of the commission of the crime for they show antisocial behaviors. In Cohen (1975 in NIDA’s Research Monograph 15, 1977) pointed out that these drug users had the diminished â€Å"behavioral capabilities long before motor activity is diminished. Also, in Press Done (1967 in NIDA’s Research Monograph 15, 1977) that a third of their subjects who are drug users had the propensity to commit a crime because of serious judgment deficit they posses at the time and at the same time a defect of perception on what is real. These above research findings are back up by Simon De Bruxelles’s report entitled â€Å"Out on the streets, drugs span the divide in a city of rich and poor† appearing on www.timesonline.co.uk. According to his report the Clifton’s suburbs had â€Å"8,000 ‘problematic’ addicts in Bristol and an estimated 25,000 other recreational and social users. Drugs affect every level of society in the city, from those whose cars are broken into to feed a habit to the people who find themselves living next to a crack house.† Conclusions The sociological and psychological aspect of drug abuse opened our eyes to the reality that this problem has deeper roots. These roots more often than not are not far but actually very near to us. Society through government should endeavor to build a strong and dynamic family foundation for it to be diminish if not totally eradicates the ill-effects of drug abuse. To fail in this challenge, the basic unit of society- the familywill have a poor foundation resulting to the rising criminal activities affecting peace and development of a country. Finally, the government should use its resources in helping those citizens who are already hooked to drug use by providing funds for rehabilitation and re-introduction of these people in the mainstream of society.

Social Psychology and Symbolism essays

Social Psychology and Symbolism essays Social psychology according to Gordon Allport is the attempt to understand and explain how the thought, feeling, and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual imagined or implied presence of others.(Allport as cited in Hewitt 2000;3) Sociologists are concerned with social psychology in how organized social life is possible, how it works and how it evolves over time. Whereas psychologists are focused on how individuals learn and what they learn, sociologists are concerned with socialization and how groups and organizations adapt to the environment as well as how environments adapt to groups and organizations. In a sense, how we create society and how society creates us. The sociological aspect of social psychology focuses on what transpires between people rather then within people. Symbolic interaction focuses on how meaning emerges from interaction. We gain meaning by how we act and the purpose of that action. In order to act or react in regard to an action, we have to first interpret that action. So without our interpretation of an action, an action has no meaning. Social acts depend On September 11, 2001, terrorists attacked the United States by flying two planes into the World Trade Center in New York and another plane into the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. . Inhumane action disrupted our world as we knew it. This action not only took thousands of innocent lives, but also affected our everyday daily routine. All air travel ceased, thousands were left stranded, the city shut down as even the stock market closed. The United States was left in shock and disbelief. The world which we knew as safe was Why did the terrorists choose the buildings which they did? They chose buildings that represent certain things to our society. T ...

Defenders; Prospectors; Analyzers; and, Reactors Essay

Defenders; Prospectors; Analyzers; and, Reactors - Essay Example Unequivocally, GM is a prospector as it has adopted a proactive approach in the industry. It focuses heavily on R&D function to create premium quality, authentic, reliable and safe want-satisfying automobiles (MSN report, 2010). GM’s strategy and approach is absolutely correct because of cutthroat competition among corporations such as Ford, Toyota, Honda, Nissan, BMW, Fiat, Daimler, VW etc in the global automobile industry. The intense competition among producers increases rivalry; therefore, each company focuses heavily on technological development, adaptability, value-addition, brand recognition and product differentiation to grab maximum market share. Hence, GM has to continue its marketing approach to ensure business growth and sustainability in future. The bargaining power of suppliers (raw material providers, machinery, spare parts etc) is medium because of recent improvements in global economy. The automobile demand is stronger in 2010 compared to extremely low demand in 2009. GM successfully posted profits in first two quarters, which has also improved suppliers bargaining power. The world has still not completely come out of recession; therefore, the threat of new entrants and investors is low. Also, this is an oligopolistic industry dominated by well-established giants with colossal financial, technological, human resources and managerial expertise. In addition, there are various barriers to entry such as huge investments, registration, licensing and advertising budgets etc., which reduce this threat. Chances of rivalry among competitors, in the form of price-wars, introduction of new products and after sales services, are very high because of oligopolistic nature as it corporation seeks to increase its market share. General Motors and its renowned global competitors would continue focusing on innovation, product and market development, quality maintenance and improvement, fuel-efficiency, differentiation, advertising

Common law and Equity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Common law and Equity - Essay Example Equity is no part of the law, but a moral virtue which qualifies, moderates and reforms the rigour, hardness and edge of the law and is a universal truth. It also assists the law where it is defective and weak in the constitution. It refers to a particular set of remedies and related procedures. The role of the office of equity is to support and protect the common law from shifts and crafty devices against the justice of the law. Equity neither destroys nor creates the law but assist it. Equity is a means of preventing any unfairness which might otherwise result from rigid application of formal legal rules (Hudson, 2005, p.14,). Equity supplemented and remedied the deficiencies in the common law. The main remedy at common law is damages. Equity offers remedies other than damages such as the injunction and specific performance (Gubby, 2004, p.37). Equity will not suffer a wrong to be without a remedy, and thus equity establishes its core jurisdiction to ensure that a claimant will be entitled to acquire some redress for a wrong done to him or her or to protect some right in property (Hudson, 2004, p.9). The fundamental similarity between common law and equity is that... s a moral character to the common law and may be used synonymously with common law for the simple reason that what is legal is necessarily moral (Hamilton, Jaren, Pound, 1999, p.91). Except for different mode of administering justice in each court, it is law and reason which governs both equity and common court. Both equity and common law are 'damages'. 'Damages' at common law means a monetary response to a breach of duty. That breach of duty might be a breach of contract or it might be tort. This approach nullifies a prevalent view that 'damages' are synonymous to compensation. In common law, non compensatory monetary awards for wrongs that are acknowledged to be forms of damages namely exemplary damages, restitutionary damages and disgorgement damages. All these forms of damages have counterparts in equity. Awards of equitable compensation or 'accounts of profits', which responds to wrongs in equity, are actually different forms of damages. With the recognition that the former are simply equity's 'compensatory damages' and the later are equity's 'disgorgement damages', an understanding of rules of causation and remoteness in equity can be developed in comparison to common law counterparts. Although different sets of rules apply for different wrongs and different conducts, the nature of law is always relevant for both common law and equity. For example, the wrong of fraudulent representation in equity is identical to the tort of deceit and for that matter the same test of remoteness should apply and comparison is helpful (Robertson, 2004, p.32). Differences In case of common law, remedy is granted to a claimant who could establish a case at law, usually in proof of certain formalities and pleading a specified form of action. A common law is fairly inflexible in